Abstract
In response to rapid changes in the international landscape, ASEAN has strengthened both regional integration and cooperation with external partners. As of December 2023, ASEAN has established dialogue partnerships with 24 countries or organizations, with the highest level being a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP). During the 43rd ASEAN Summit in September 2023, ASEAN upgraded its partnership with Japan to a CSP. ASEAN-South Korea relations are also expected to be elevated to a CSP in 2024. This report analyzes the development of ASEAN’s partnerships with Japan and South Korea, focusing on current trends and future trajectories, offering insights for Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy.
Japan and ASEAN have maintained over 50 years of bilateral relations, characterized by growing cooperation in people-to-people exchanges, economic collaboration, and maritime security. The 2023 elevation of their partnership to a CSP established three pillars for future cooperation: (1) Intergenerational Exchange; (2) Co-creation of Economic and Social Futures; and (3) Promotion of Peace and Stability. Key areas of collaboration include digital transformation, green economy, supply chain stability, human resource development, and deeper maritime security cooperation. Japan has successfully established a positive and credible image in ASEAN through its diplomatic approach, particularly in economic engagement and workforce development. However, Japan’s influence in ASEAN still lags behind that of the United States and China. Whether Japan can enhance its regional role depends on adjustments to its diplomatic policies and its relationship with the United States. Potential challenges arise from domestic political shifts in Japan and the outcomes of U.S. elections, which may redefine Japan’s regional strategy.
South Korea has sustained steady growth in its relationship with ASEAN over the past 35 years, with plans to upgrade their partnership to a CSP in 2024. Under the Korea-ASEAN Solidarity Initiative (KASI), cooperation focuses on supply chain security, regional safety, and human resource development. South Korea has enhanced its influence in ASEAN through corporate investment, cultural exchanges, and workforce training initiatives. However, South Korea’s role in regional security remains limited, as its foreign policy priorities are often influenced by domestic challenges and the North Korean issue. These constraints may hinder South Korea’s ability to fully engage with ASEAN on broader regional security concerns.
Both Japan and South Korea have deepened their partnerships with ASEAN through diverse initiatives, contributing to regional stability and economic integration. As these relationships evolve, they present opportunities for Taiwan to align its New Southbound Policy with ASEAN’s strategic priorities in areas such as digital transformation, green energy, and talent development.
Comments